Which gland produces hormones that help regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

The thyroid gland is essential for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The primary hormones secreted by the thyroid are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a critical role in controlling the speed at which the body's cells work, influencing how quickly the body uses energy and makes proteins. By enhancing metabolic processes, thyroid hormones impact not only weight management but also overall energy levels and growth.

In contrast, the adrenal gland mainly produces hormones related to stress response, electrolyte balance, and metabolism, but it does not directly regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to the same extent as the thyroid. The pineal gland is involved in regulating sleep patterns through melatonin production and does not contribute to metabolism regulation. The spleen plays a role in the immune system and blood filtration, but it is not involved in hormone production related to metabolism. Thus, the thyroid gland is specifically recognized for its direct influence on metabolic processes.